The interaction among individuals and groups for mutual support. Different types of community are examined in this article. Community resources, including social capital, social infrastructure, and recommendations for community change are discussed.

The process whereby licensed inspectors obtain representative samples and inspect the samples for quality and sanitary characteristics.

Universally used body coverings made from natural agricultural products (e.g., cotton, linen, ramie, silk and wool fibers) or manufactured fibers (e.g., wood pulp or petroleum derivatives).

Adaptability to the length of growing season and the intervening winters that limit the growing seasons.

The Amish seem to be an unlikely group to shape American law. These simple folk distance themselves from the trappings of modernity by living in largely isolated, rural communities.

Americans United for Separation of Church and State (Americans United) is a Washington, D.C.- based public interest organization committed to preserving the principles of separation of church and state and religious liberty through litigation, lobbying, and public education.

The words ‘‘liberty’’ and ‘‘rights’’ had far different connotations for people in the American colonies, depending on their status as slaves, free blacks, Native Americans on their homeland, women, indentured servants, loyalists, conscripted soldiers, religious dissidents, radical patriots, or propertied white males.

Congress announced that the policy of the United States was to ‘‘protect and preserve’’ the rights of American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Native Hawaiians ‘‘to believe, express, and exercise’’ their ‘‘traditional religions’’ in a joint resolution adopted in 1978, now known as the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA).

In 1947, Congress added Section 9(h) to the National Labor Relations Act; this section required all labor union officers to sign annual affidavits stating that they did not belong to the Communist Party or support the unlawful overthrow of the U.S. government.

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a private nonprofit organization dedicated to the defense of civil liberties. The ACLU defines civil liberties as rights enjoyed by individuals over and against the power of government.

The feminist movement in the 1960s and 1970s in the United States and other countries raised anew issues of discrimination and violence against women.

At its inaugural meeting on December 4, 1833, the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) declared an unconditional commitment to the immediate abolition of slavery and equal rights for free black men.

Manufacture is the process of physically transforming raw materials, semifinished goods, or subassemblies into product(s) with higher value.

While a number of states and municipalities experimented with an income tax throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, the first federal income tax in the United States was not instituted until the Civil War, as a direct response to the national war emergency.

Lido (Lee) Anthony Iacocca was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, on October 15, 1924, to Italian immigrants.

America Online (AOL), founded in 1985 as Quantum Computer Services and since 2000 part of Time Warner, is one of the world’s largest Internet service providers (ISPs).

Interpreting the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court has generally subjected all state and local laws that discriminate on the basis of alienage to the strictest scrutiny, noting that, unlike the federal government, state entities do not have the power to regulate the admission or expulsion of noncitizens.

The conflict between the First Amendment rights of persons to speak and the rights of private property owners to exclude individuals from their property raises thorny questions at the intersection of state action doctrine and the First Amendment.

The Allen Court decided the issue of whether proceedings under the Illinois Sexually Dangerous Persons Act are ‘‘criminal,’’ such that they open the door to the Fifth Amendment’s protection against selfincrimination.

In the mid-1980s, the Supreme Court first considered the constitutionality of religious holiday displays in Lynch v. Donnelly, 465 U.S. 668 (1984), involving a city’s display of a nativity scene among other symbols of the Christmas holiday.

The extent to which the Constitution’s Bill of Rights and other political freedoms are enjoyed by noncitizens is a question that has existed since the founding of the United States.

Born in Houston, Hughes’s family was in the oil drilling business. His father developed an oil bit capable of drilling to previously unreachable areas, and the company became the Hughes Tool Co. Howard Jr. was a tinkerer as a youth and attended several colleges, including Rice Institute, but never graduated.

The Hudson’s Bay Company is one of the longest-lived business organizations in history. It was chartered by the British Crown in 1670 to trade for furs in the drainage basin of Hudson Bay.

A form of industrial organization designed to hold the stock of other companies.