http://american-business.org/ ru American Business History, Civil Liberties. DataLife Engine http://american-business.org/3314-ceremonial-deism.html http://american-business.org/3314-ceremonial-deism.html One of the difficult church–state issues is determining when the use of religious language by the government violates the Establishment Clause.

]]> Sergey Tokarev Mon, 16 Jan 2012 04:19:40 -0600 http://american-business.org/3313-central-intelligence-agency.html http://american-business.org/3313-central-intelligence-agency.html As a result of the need for intelligence on the Axis Powers during World War II, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was created. After the war, policy makers realized the need for foreign intelligence.

]]> Sergey Tokarev Mon, 16 Jan 2012 03:32:05 -0600 http://american-business.org/3312-central-hudson-gas-and-electric-corp-v-public-service-commission-of-new-york.html http://american-business.org/3312-central-hudson-gas-and-electric-corp-v-public-service-commission-of-new-york.html In 1973, when an oil embargo caused fuel shortages, the New York Public Service Commission issued a regulation prohibiting electric companies from advertising to promote electricity use.

]]> Sergey Tokarev Mon, 16 Jan 2012 03:29:27 -0600 http://american-business.org/3311-carrie-chapman-catt-1859-1947.html http://american-business.org/3311-carrie-chapman-catt-1859-1947.html In 1859, Carrie Chapman Catt was born Carrie Clinton Lane in Wisconsin. She and her family soon moved to Iowa where she graduated with a bachelor’s degree from Iowa State Agricultural College in 1880.

]]> Sergey Tokarev Mon, 16 Jan 2012 03:24:39 -0600 http://american-business.org/3310-catholics-and-religious-liberty.html http://american-business.org/3310-catholics-and-religious-liberty.html The twentieth century witnessed a remarkable realignment of the Roman Catholic Church with the cause of religious liberty.

]]> Sergey Tokarev Mon, 16 Jan 2012 03:20:03 -0600 http://american-business.org/3309-categorical-approach-to-free-speech.html http://american-business.org/3309-categorical-approach-to-free-speech.html The ‘‘categorical approach’’ is a method of judging where decisions are reached through use of a preestablished system of classifications or categories.

]]> Sergey Tokarev Mon, 16 Jan 2012 03:13:10 -0600 http://american-business.org/3308-carroll-v-united-states-267-us-132-1925.html http://american-business.org/3308-carroll-v-united-states-267-us-132-1925.html The Supreme Court has held that, under the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution, police officers must obtain a warrant to engage in a search or a seizure. . .

]]> Sergey Tokarev Mon, 16 Jan 2012 03:02:31 -0600 http://american-business.org/3307-carolene-products-v-us-304-us-144-1938.html http://american-business.org/3307-carolene-products-v-us-304-us-144-1938.html This relatively minor case is remembered not for the issue supposedly before the Court, but for a footnote that in the eyes of many scholars launched a constitutional revolution.

]]> Sergey Tokarev Mon, 16 Jan 2012 02:54:02 -0600 http://american-business.org/3306-carey-v-population-services-international-431-us-678-1977.html http://american-business.org/3306-carey-v-population-services-international-431-us-678-1977.html Whether, and to what extent, minors should enjoy the same constitutional rights as adults is one of the most vexing and unsettled questions of constitutional law.

]]> Sergey Tokarev Mon, 16 Jan 2012 02:51:04 -0600 http://american-business.org/3305-benjamin-cardozo-18701938.html http://american-business.org/3305-benjamin-cardozo-18701938.html Benjamin Nathan Cardozo was born into a Sephardic Jewish family in New York City in 1870.

]]> Sergey Tokarev Mon, 16 Jan 2012 02:47:09 -0600