The manager of an adult theater was charged in a state court with distributing obscene materials, a misdemeanor. Pursuant to state law, and over his claim that the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial required a jury of at least six members, he was tried and convicted by a jury of five people.
The Baldus Study, conducted by Professors David Baldus, George Woodworth, and Charles Pulaski, was a sophisticated empirical analysis of 2,484 Georgia homicide cases that were charged and sentenced in the 1970s.
In constitutional adjudication, the balancing test is the predominant mode of case resolution, although major differences exist on ‘‘how to strike the balance.’’ The balance that must be struck is between individual freedoms and societal needs such as the need to preserve order.
‘‘Balancing’’ refers to a method of adjudication used by judges to reach decisions through weighing the parties’ competing interests or rights.
In 1791, the Eighth Amendment was added to the U.S. Constitution as part of the Bill of Rights for the purpose of prohibiting, among other things, the requirement of ‘‘excessive bail.’’
Warren Buffett was born in Omaha, Nebraska, on August 30, 1930, the son of a wealthy stockbroker.
A term originally used in the late 19th century to describe a place where small investors would place bets on stocks and commodity futures contracts.
A private banking firm founded in Baltimore in 1800 by Alexander Brown, an Irish immigrant, as a trading company specializing in textiles.
The international monetary structure devised at a conference held at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, beginning in 1944.
Brandeis, Louis D. (1856–1941) Supreme Court justice and social reformer Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Brandeis’s family moved to Germany in 1872, when his father sold the family business in Kentucky, anticipating the RECESSION, or panic, that would follow in 1873.
The largest and one of the most successful American manufacturers of civilian and military aircraft.
A formula for pricing stock options. Stock options are a type of derivative instrument that provides the holder the right, but not the requirement, to buy or sell stock at a future date.
Biddle, Nicholas (1786–1844) banker, legislator, and diplomat Born in Philadelphia, Biddle was the son of a Philadelphia banker. Recognized as a child prodigy, he entered the University of Pennsylvania at age 10 and was scheduled for graduation at 13.
The Better Business Bureaus sprang from the early 20th-century “truth in advertising” movement. Advertising was then emerging as a distinct profession and hoped to elevate its low public standing.
Belmont, August, II (1853–1924) banker and sportsman Son of New York banker and socialite August Belmont and Catherine Slidell Perry, the daughter of Commodore Matthew Perry, August II was born in New York City.
Belmont, August (1813–1890) financier, politician, arts patron, and sportsman Belmont was born to Jewish parents in Germany and immigrated to the United States at the age of 23.
Bell, Alexander Graham (1847–1922) inventor The inventor of the telephone was born in Scotland.
Baruch, Bernard Mannes (1870–1965) financier and government official Born in South Carolina, Baruch’s father was a physician who moved to New York in 1881.
Barron, Clarence W. (1855–1928) newspaperman Born in Boston, Barron’s father was a teamster.
A British banking house founded in 1763, originally as a merchant business specializing in textiles and commodities.
A legal condition whereby an individual or corporation legally claims that it is no longer able to pay its creditors.
A New York bank, located in Manhattan, which failed in 1930 at the beginning of the Great Depression.
The Bank of the United States (BUS) was actually two separate banks—the First BUS (1791–1812) and the Second BUS (1817–1841).
Founded in 1784, the bank is the oldest existing banking institution in the country.
